أدوات الربط conjunctions :part2

NOR
It is not extinct, but it is not used nearly as often as the other conjunctions, so it might feel a bit odd when nor does come up in conversation or writing. Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor : a
He is neither sane nor brilliant. a
That is neither what I said nor what I meant. A
It can be used with other negative expressions: a
That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt. a
It is possible to use nor without a preceding negative element, but it is unusual and, to an extent, rather stuffy: a
George's handshake is as good as any written contract, nor has he ever proven untrustworthy. a


YET
Yet functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet"). It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but." The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register. a
John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton. a
The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day. a
In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma preceding the conjunction might also disappear: "The visitors complained loudly yet continued to play golf every day." a
Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable. a


FOR
For is most often used as a preposition, of course, but it does serve, on rare occasions, as a coordinating conjunction. Some people regard the conjunction for as rather highfalutin and literary, and it does tend to add a bit of weightiness to the text. Beginning a sentence with the conjunction "for" is probably not a good idea, except when you're singing "For he's a jolly good fellow. "For" has serious sequential implications and in its use the order of thoughts is more important than it is, say, with because or since. Its function is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause: a
John thought he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was on the company's board of trustees. a
Most of the visitors were happy just sitting around in the shade, for it had been a long, dusty journey on the train. A


SO
Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this sentence, a
Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet. a
where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would use a semicolon between the two independent clauses. In the following sentence, where so is acting like a minor-league "therefore," the conjunction and the comma are adequate to the task: a
Soto has always been nervous in large gatherings, so it is no surprise that he avoids crowds of his adoring fans. a
Sometimes, at the beginning of a sentence, so will act as a kind of summing up device or transition, and when it does, it is often set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma: a
So, the sheriff peremptorily removed the child from the custody of his parents.